Daily Sequestration

Every day, our economies dig up and burn 24 MT(Carbon) to fuel our vehicles, aircraft, power plants, ...

Today, 1.2B gas vehicles growing to 2B (in 2030). Alternate energy is ramping up, hopefully it will meet quickly increasing demand due to population growth and higher quality of life.

To totally offset the carbon emission from fossil fuels, we need to bury a mound of fluffy bioCarbon the size of the Great Pyramid, every hour, every day! (density: 0.5) (24 MT(C)/day = 8.2 GT(C)/year = 30 GT(CO2)/year).

Where to dispose of this carbon removed from the atmosphere? Biochar has economic value because it helps solve Drought!
Biochar salvages farmland, crops, and stretches water usage, resulting in increased yields, wealth, and stabler food supply,

Some municipalities in California add biochar to Golfs and Parks to reduce need for water by 50%.

Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba total over 2 million Km2. If 10% of this area (=200k Km2) applied biochar at a rate of 10 m3/day/km2, totalling
1 M Tonne/day (1 pyramid/day).

Another pyramid per day is built by adding and stirring in 20cm of biochar (density 0.5), into desertic areas 10 km2 to grow food for billions more.

Such deserts found in Africa, America, Australia, Middle-East can be made fertile, while helping to re-purpose 24 pyramids of carbon every day!

Relevant Links:
- Biochar-buries-Fossil
- Paris-2015: Canada - Carbon Neutral by 2025?
- Paris-2015: India - Third CO2 Emitter
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Size of Daily Sequestration

Paris 2015 - Canada

Canada: 100% CO2 Neutral by 2025?

Canadian Prairies Need More Resilience to Drought. Quick Fix: "Biochar Added to Soil Retains Water!" Biochar - a rich dark soil that holds water and minerals so farmers get full benefit of the money they invest in their crops. BTW, Biochar - organic charcoal made from biomass - added to your garden or your fields to improve quality and performance, while at the same time sequestering carbon for a long time. Biochar Holds Minerals in Soil!: - Crops fully benefit from minerals. - Farmer fully benefits from their fertilizers. - Less Algae Blooms. - Less toxins in drinking water supply. Captures and Stores Organic Carbon: Less CO2 Emissions. - Short term impacts:     - Carbon Credits.     - Exporting pre-offset carbon products. - Long term impacts:     - Stable Ideal Climate for Agriculture, Food supply.     - Stable Ocean Levels. Stable Civil Infrastructure. CoGen BioEnergy - Bonus: Raw fumes - from biochar distillation - can power   thermal applications such as electric generation, HVAC.

Canadian Prairies and "the Carbon Negative Economy"

"Producing enough biochar from sunflower, corn stalks, grasses, leaves to mitigate the effects of drought on western agriculture, while sequestering more organic carbon than all canadian fossil fuels extracted including bitumen for power, farming, heating, transportation and export." The Canadian Prairies have the scale and the opportunity to sequester gigantic amounts of carbon. With the help of nature, the trick is putting organic carbon back in the ground faster than fossil carbon can be taken out. Southern Ontario: Example of Biochar Scalability LH - The President of the Canadian Biochar Initiative revealed that 2.5% biochar in the soil of Southern Ontario agricultural triangle would sequester Alberta OilSands for several years, while avoiding minerals loss. Excess minerals cause toxins in the drinking water supply from algae blooms in the Great Lakes every summer.

BC British Columbia

BC's participation in the Carbon Negative Economy can start in the knowledge Industry, grouping BC's top Institutions (UBC, SFU, BCIT, UVIC, ) to use the Burrard Station to annually produce many 100s of $millions of more-than-green electricity - causing Net Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Burrard Station as Energy Co-Generation Research Lab Facility would obtain its thermal bioEnergy from the combustion of fumes (VOCs) from the distillation of biomass. The non-volatile residue is biochar (carbon with minerals). Biochar/bioEnergy is "Carbon Negative" when the biomass used is of a type that decays rapidly - bacteria emitting CO2. Rather than have bacteria munch the agricultural waste within a few years, Biochar locks up to 50% of the carbon in the soil. The Research Lab Facility, shared among BC Academic Institutions in collaboration with Industry, can also experiment with Tidal, Wind, Solar. Energy conversion and storage should also be on the research checklist. This facility can help design units of various sizes intended for use in "specific sites" such as remote mining or forestry operations, small offgrid communities. The Large thermal power plants - co-generating biochar - can be fuelled in many locations in the province, extending the "green" economy by exporting much more "carbon negative" power, to be sold at a premium to southern markets.

Vancouver + other Canadian Municipalities, Districts

Vancouver's participation in the Carbon Negative Economy can start in the Parks - Biochar all the clippings - causing Net Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere by reducing CO2 emissions from decay of this biomass. Biochar applied to turf makes it more resistant to drought conditions such as Vancouver has witnessed in recent years. Biochar can transform waste - pizza stained cardboard, paper coffee cups, napkins - into top quality soil for urban gardening in Parks, coop greenhouses and local homes - avoiding landfill. Canadian Munipalities Waste Operations have an opportunity to extract from the garbage stream any biomass, soiled paper, cardboard that be transformed into biochar while co-generating thermal bioEnergy.

The UBC Nest - University of British Columbia

We have suggested The UBC Student Nest (AMS) consider adding an experimental "Recycle Stream" of biomass based products collected for charring into rich new soil. Waste may include soiled paper, cups, pizza plates, soiled cardboard, packaging, raw biomass from landscaping, and so on. We are inviting expertise from afar to join our local group and help us collect specifications, then design and operate a Biochar Reactor that can meet the particular needs and conditions of the waste stream provided. Once adapted to Campus use, UBC Operations may consider extending this technology to other areas, reducing trips to the landfill.

Canadian Livestock Farms (in all provinces)

Farms raising hogs, chickens, cows, goats, sheep, and other livestock produce massive amounts of manure, betraying their presence with powerful ammonia smells that upset the neighborhood. Biochar in the bedding can soak up these odors at the source, with anaerobic bacteria converting the ammonia into nitrates, enriching the charcoal. Toxic algae blooms that waste drinking water supply haunt municipalities along the Great Lakes and the St.Lawrence River Valley, due to mineral runoff from manure or chemical fertilizers added to the crops. Biochar can soak up the minerals and make it available to plants when it is time, avoiding the leaching and less effective use of farmer's money.

Canada's Remote Areas

OffGrid Power and Biochar Cogeneration: - Biochar produced by Waste Management Operations - Remote Areas, Reservations, Outfitters, Mining, Forestry, SawMills:   - Biomass (+local jobs) is competitive due to the expensive     supply line for fossil fuels.   - Remote areas also appreciate affordable fresh produce that     can be grown with biochar in local greenhouses (+jobs).

Canadian Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Carbon NEUTERED Power Plants Power Plants fuelled with Coal, Diesel, CNG, or LNG have at least two opportunities to earn Carbon Credits - Local Biochar co-generation from "carbon negative" feed biomass. - Investment into Remote (even OffShore) operations that produce     "carbon negative" biochar. Several provinces have shut down coal fuelled power plants that can be re-used as infrastructure for biochar co-generation. Fossil Fuels Extraction Companies Oil-Patch companies such as SUNCOR, Canadian Oil Sands, and others, have the technical knowledge to assist the western agricultural industries fulfill the potentially huge regional need for biochar to mitigate against drought, increasing their climatic affluence. Canadian Biochar producers in alliances with our NPK industries can export biochar with extra minerals added, customized for specific crops. Carbon credits can also be obtained offshore. They can also invest and assist in international operations such as "Palm Oil Forests" in Sierra Leone, grown in sand dunes transformed into plantations by stirring in some biochar and implementing drip farming.

Biochar success stories

CoolPlanet "The company (CoolPlanet) said that field trials completed of its CoolTerra additive resulted in a 56 percent increase in strawberry production and a 40 percent decrease in fertilizer use, and a 50 percent reduction in water use in turf grass trials with a municipality." [link] BloomTheDesert "It means that arid land anywhere- anytime- can be transformed into fertile land - using these LOW cost combined techniques we have developed- and that MINIMAL use of (organic) fertilizer would be required- this keeps the cost of farm production down." [link] Many More Cases . . . Our research has identified many more opportunities to put carbon in the ground for economic benefits.

Biochar Production Generates Carbon Negative Energy

Biochar is produced by charring (distillation) of Biomass until all fumes (VOCs) cease and Biochar remains (carbon with minerals). Co-generation of biochar from biomass produces an additional desirable by-product. The fumes (wood gas) are combustible and can fuel electric power generation or heat applications. Biochar production is "Carbon Negative" when 50% of carbon emitted by bacteria (as ephemeral biomass rots) is instead sequestered for a long time as charcoal. The remaining 50% can first be used to fuel electric power generation before reaching the atmosphere. Canada has many Thermal Power Plants that formerly burned coal or bunker oil that have now ceased operations in Ontario or will soon start closing down in Alberta. So these infrastructure assets can now be re-used to produce Carbon Negative Energy. Biochar production units can be set up near existing power plants to burn the fumes thus allowing co-generation of electricity that is Carbon Negative. Biochar from fallen biomass is eligible to produce Carbon Credits that offset carbon emissions, and acquired/sold to reduce applicable Carbon Taxes.

Soon, Canada could be Carbon Neutral!

Can Canada benefit from absorbing and sequestering CO2? Increase Canada's Agriculture Climatic Affluence with applications of biochar in soils to stretch the available water. Co-generation of Carbon Negative Energy source (biochar production fumes). Canada has vast agricultural areas that can use drought mitigation. Within a few years, Biochar production can ramp up to increase farmer's yields, with the potential of totally offsetting the country's CO2 emissions ... and more, maybe?

Fixing Climate Change by Accident?

Fixing Climate Change by Accident? Climate Change happened by Accident. Can it disappear the same way as we created the problem - while busily doing something else? Can large scale remediation and creation of vast new farming spaces cause Global Net Removal of CO2?

Paris 2015 - India

India: 3rd Greatest CO2 Emissions

Top 5 Countries by CO2 Emissions (in GT) INDIA: Third TOP CO2 Emitter after China (#1) and USA (#2) India cannot yet provide a Target Peak Date for CO2 Emissions. At least 600 million of its citizens need to be uplifted from lower economic situations. To reach this urgent political target, it reserves the right to increase it CO2 emissions (mainly from burning COAL, and other fossil fuels to generate electricity). BUT India will endeavor to reduce the rate of CO2 emissions per unit of GDP as their economy rapidly grows, until greater improvements in efficiency as well as important investments in alternate energies, including nuclear power, can help reduce their total CO2 emissions. India is pressuring Developed Nations to leave the Carbon Space to the less developed economies. India is among countries seeking assistance from Richest Nations to remediate the effects of Climate Change on its Agriculture and other infrastructure. Year eCO2 GDP Population 2015 2.1 GT $2.18T 1,27B

Climate Change Drought Effects

The Drought is increasing in India (less Monsoon) because the climate is changing. Agriculture is suffering due to less rain in the fields, and also less rain in the hydro-electric dams, so less energy to pump water at the farms.

Biochar Retains Water: Feeding Billions More

Biochar Neutralizes Drought Source: http://bloomthedesert.com/news/we-did-it-latest-dubai-project Biochar (biological charcoal, also known as "Terra Preta") is an amazing agricultural additive that reduces the effects of Drought. Biochar is mixed in with soil - even sand or clay - to produce a rich soil that retains water and minerals, and provides greater yields. Biochar mixed with sand dunes extends existing arable land with new soil, especially combined with drip farming. (see pictured: BloomTheDesert growing food in the dunes near Dubai). Adding biochar to soil avoids loss of precious minerals - such as phosphate - to leaching. This also helps prevent algae blooms (red tide) which cause toxins in drinking water supply, and dead zones in rivers, lakes and oceans.

Biochar success stories

CoolPlanet "The company (CoolPlanet) said that field trials completed of its CoolTerra additive resulted in a 56 percent increase in strawberry production and a 40 percent decrease in fertilizer use, and a 50 percent reduction in water use in turf grass trials with a municipality." [link] BloomTheDesert "It means that arid land anywhere- anytime- can be transformed into fertile land - using these LOW cost combined techniques we have developed- and that MINIMAL use of (organic) fertilizer would be required- this keeps the cost of farm production down." [link] Many More Cases . . . Our research has identified many more opportunities to put carbon in the ground for economic benefits.

Biochar Production Generates Carbon Negative Energy

Biochar is produced by charring (distillation) of Biomass until all fumes (VOCs) cease and Biochar remains (carbon with minerals). Co-generation of biochar from biomass produces an additional desirable by-product. The fumes (wood gas) are combustible and can fuel electric power generation or heat applications. Biochar production is "Carbon Negative" when 50% of carbon emitted by bacteria (as ephemeral biomass rots) is instead sequestered for a long time as charcoal. The remaining 50% can first be used to fuel electric power generation before reaching the atmosphere. India has thousands of small electric generations stations as well as larger Power Plants that burn coal, bunker oil, natural gas. Biochar production units can be set up near existing power plants to burn the fumes thus allowing co-generation of electricity that is Carbon Negative. Biochar from fallen biomass is eligible to produce Carbon Credits that offset carbon emissions, and acquired/sold to reduce applicable Carbon Taxes.

Soon, India could be Carbon Neutral!

Can India benefit from absorbing and sequestering CO2? Remediate the effects of Drought on Farmers and Agriculture with applications of biochar in soils to stretch the available water. Co-generation of Carbon Negative Energy source (biochar production fumes). India's Agriculture has a huge need for drought remediation. Within a few years, Biochar production can ramp up to increase farmer's yields, with the potential of totally offsetting the country's CO2 emissions ... and more, maybe?

Fixing Climate Change by Accident?

Fixing Climate Change by Accident? Climate Change happened by Accident. Can it disappear the same way as we created the problem - while busily doing something else? Can large scale remediation and creation of vast new farming spaces cause Global Net Removal of CO2?

Energy CoGeneration Research Labs

Energy Models Why CoGeneration Labs? Lab Locations and Toolbox provide Industry and Academics a real environment with advanced instrumentations to study "hands-on" Energy   conversions, develop applications, and refine products - while Tech students acquire experience. Location of Labs: Ideal Project Locations are Coastal Cities where the following are in proximity: • Gas Thermal Power Plant • PowerLines (Grid) • Pipeline (CH4) • Refinery • Railroad • Dock (ocean) • Mountains (Gravity) • Geological Cavity • Tech Universities Energy CoGeneration Research Labs ENERGY ------------------------- On-Demand * GeoThermal * Fusion * Biomass Occasional * Wind * Wave * Tide * Solar (therm) * Solar (PV) STORAGE ------------------------ * Pressure * Flywheel * Gravity * Chemical * Electrical * GeoStorage * DryIce PROCESS ------------------------- * Combustion * Compression * Turbines * Generator * Gasification * Pyrolysis * Desalination * Condensation * Direct Exch. PRODUCTS ------------------------ * Electricity * Methane * Hydrogen * CVDs * Biochar * Air Pressure * Dry Ice (CO2) * Derivatives   * IP/ Patents   * PhDs Related Pages • Biochar Buries Fossil • Climate Control

Climate Control

Beyond Climate Change Biochar is the Only Carbon Negative Process Nature emits 20 times more than humans Key to Climate Control • Rotting leaves return as much CO2 to the atmosphere   as the plants took in to make them. • Rotting leaves and forest fires release 439 gigatonnes   of CO2 every year. • Nature emits 20 times more than all human activities (29 Gt). Biochar:   Intercept CO2 from rotting leaves Money Grows on Trees (bio-Solar Energy) • Harvest leaves, biochar leaves, sell or use biochar   as a valuable agricultural additive that keeps   carbon in the ground. (* Co-Generates Bio-Fuels) Worldwide Action • Trees everywhere already drop leaves. • Salvaging 10% of rotting leaves as biochar offsets   all fossil fuel emissions, improves agriculture,   and can create millions of jobs and new wealth. What is Biochar? Biochar: Valuable Agricultural Additive • Biochar is charcoal made from biomass by cooking   leaves (without air) at high temperatures. • Biochar can store carbon in the ground for centuries,   like putting coal back in the mine. Related Pages • Biochar Buries Fossil • Energy CoGeneration Research Labs External Links • Biochar (BloomTheDesert) • (Carbon Negative Fuels) • Small Scale (Third World Camp Stoves) Gasification Tools • Partners in Biochar • Small Scale (Biomass BBQ Units) • Re-Char.com (Biochar) • Biomass fueled power generators • Mobile Biochar Kiln Biochar Suppliers: • Amazon.com (Biochar 5 gallons) • Cool Terra (Biochar Production Plant) • Re-Char.com (Biochar)

Fusion Geothermal Fusion as heat source for Geothermal

Current Situation Fusion Containment Issues As for Fusion Power, most directions are stalled at Hi-Energy Containment, near the goal of "getting back more" than the cost of the fields. Experts believe that it will take several decades before commercially viable operations can occur.   Geothermal; location, location, location Heat sources not always available Geothermal electricity production requires high levels of heat. Drilling several kilometers down is often required to reach deeper heat sources.

Fusion Expands Geothermal Opportunities. Geothermal industry's major problem is needing a natural geological heat source nearby. Pure Fusion can provide artificial geological heat "customized" to more locations.

Fusion Geothermal could provide numerous advantages: Energy available on demand Wide range of possible locations Plentiful fuel No carbon emissions (only helium, hehe) Less costly infrastructure, installations than fusion reactors No highly radioactive byproducts, unlike fission No risk of meltdown Bonus: more experimental fusion data for scientists Bonus: fusion is cool

Additional Consideration: Existing structures such as old mines and oil wells would avoid cost of digging deep holes Some sites may prove unsuitable due to the type of rock, water pockets, or other geological problems. There may be residual radiation from the fusion blast, depending on the type of fusion reaction used. Aneutronic fusion is any form of fusion power where neutrons carry no more than 1% of the total released energy.

Electricity

Heat

Desalination

Moon

Quest for Pure Fusion Commercial fusion appliances exist Hundreds of neutron generators, miniature particle accelerators that create fusion reactions using deuterium and tritium, are produced annually for the petroleum industry where they are used in measurement equipment for locating and mapping oil reserves. [wikipedia] Fusion explosions could be small It has been claimed that it is possible to conceive of a crude, deliverable, pure fusion explosive, using only current day, unclassified technology. The design weighs approximately 3 tonnes, and might have a total yield of approximately 3 tonnes of TNT. The proposed design uses a large explosively pumped flux compression generator to produce the high power density required to ignite the fusion fuel. [Science and Global Security (1998)] Fusion power could be done this way using existing technology Project PACER, carried out at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in the mid-1970s, explored the possibility of a fusion power system that would involve exploding small hydrogen bombs (fusion bombs) inside an underground cavity. As an energy source, this is the only fusion power system that could be demonstrated to work using existing technology (mid-1970s). [wikipedia]

Links Geothermal Geothermal_(disambiguation) Geothermal_electricity Geothermal_heating Geothermal_desalination Fusion Fusion_power Nuclear_fusion Thermonuclear_fusion Aneutronic_fusion Pure_fusion_bomb Fusion Methods Tokamak Stellarator Inertial_confinement_fusion Reversed_field_pinch Z-pinch Fusion Projects Project_PACER High_beta_fusion_reactor National_Ignition_Facility ITER